Idiopathic intracranial hypertension – diagnosis, therapeutic approaches and prognosis
Keywords:
idiopathic intracranial hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri, acetazolamideAbstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome, characterized by an increased intracranial pressure, in the absence of an expansive intracranial process or hydrocephalus, and by a normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with the exception of an increased CSF pressure. This condition usually affects post-pubertal obese women. A headache, with or without vomiting, is the most common clinical presentation. The pathophysiology of the disease remains unclear, although the mechanisms leading to an impaired CSF absorption are mainly discussed. The aim of the treatment is to reduce the increased intracranial pressure in order to minimize the risk for a permanent vision loss. The main drugs of choice are acetazolamide, mannitol and corticosteroids. The prognosis of pseudotumor cerebri is generally favourable, but recurrences and severe complications with a permanent visual impairment are possible. The prompt diagnosis and the adequate therapy are of a prognostic significance for the preservation of the vision in patients with IIH.
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Copyright (c) 2017 Iliyana Aleksandrova, E. Slavkova, V. Bojinova, D. Deneva, V. Tomov
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